Q1. SEC separates molecules according to their ___.

1. Molecular size
2. Polarity
3. Solubility
4. Matrix

ANSWER: A. Molecular size

• Explanation – By filtration across a gel, Size Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) separates molecules based on their size. The gel is made up of spherical beads with a specified size distribution of pores. When molecules of different sizes are incorporated or omitted from the pores inside the matrix, separation occurs. Large molecules do not enter the pores and are eluted in the column’s void volume, whereas small molecules diffuse into the pores and their flow through the column is slowed due to their size.

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Q2. The disadvantage of Colorimetry techniques is relatively ________ due to high-moisture food products and ingredients.

1. Weak absorption
2. Strong absorption
3. Weak emission
4. Strong emission

ANSWER: A. Weak absorption

• Explanation: A calorimeter is a device that measures the amount of energy released or absorbed during a chemical reaction or phase transition. The number of calories per gram of food can be determined using food calorimetry. The released energy is utilized to heat a known amount of water when a piece of food is burned. The quantity of energy in the food is then calculated using the temperature change (T) of the water.

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Q3. In column chromatography, molecules that are ___ move around the beads in the matrix and therefore move through column ____.

1. Small, quickly
2. Polar, quickly
3. Large, slowly
4. Large, quickly

ANSWER – D. Large, quickly

• Explanation: Small molecules fit better through the matrix’s pores than big molecules. They have a high chance of becoming caught in the pore. They can still flow through and travel to the opposite end of the column after entering the matrix pore, however, these small molecules move slowly through the column. Massive molecules, on the other hand, travel faster via the spaces between the beads because they are too large to enter the pore. As a result, large molecules migrate more quickly than small molecules.

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Q4. Paper chromatography separates molecules according to their ___.

1. Molecular size
2. Polarity
3. Solubility
4. Matrix

ANSWER:  C. Solubility

• Explanation: Paper chromatography is a method for separating chemicals based on their solubility differences in the stationary and mobile phases (solvent). The solvent travels across the paper, carrying the amino acids with it, in the amino acid separation by paper chromatography. Based on differential solubility, the amino acids are separated on paper. Rf (retention factor) value: The retention factor measures how quickly amino acids in combination travel with the solvent.

READ MORE – FOOD TECHNOLOGY (26-09-2021)

Q5. What is the maximum Rf value for any molecule in paper chromatography?

1. 0.1
2. 1.0
3. 10.0
4. Infinity

ANSWER – B. 1.0

• Explanation – The Rf value is the ratio of the distance traveled by the solute to the distance traveled by the solvent along with the paper, where both distances are measured from the same Origin or Application Baseline, which is the place where the sample is first noticed on the paper. Rf values are always between 0 and 1, with 0 indicating that the solute remains fixed at its origin and 1 indicating that the solute is soluble enough to go as far as the solvent.

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