Q1. _________ is a process of separation of compounds based on the differences in melting and precipitation points.

1. Degumming
2. Winterization
3. Neutralization
4. All of the above

ANSWER – B. Winterization

• Explanation: The procedure of winterization entails dissolving the extract in ethanol and then chilling the liquid. The cold allows substances to be separated based on their melting and precipitation points. The fats and waxes with higher melting points will precipitate out during the chilling process and can subsequently be removed using filtration, centrifugation, decantation, or other separation methods.

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Q2. Which part of the vacuum bleacher is associated with the shearing action of clay and oil?

1. Baffles
2. Axial blade
3. Radial Blade
4. D. Rotating Cells

ANSWER: C. Radial Blade

• Explanation: A vacuum bleacher is a pressure vessel with three to four baffles and an agitator that enters from the top. The oil is continuously pushed downward by the axial blade. Because the radial blade might shear, the adsorbent and oil are constantly brought into close contact. The baffles aid in preventing the creation of vortices. In a vacuum bleacher, there are no rotating cells.

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Q3. ________ type of deodorizer is suitable for emulsifier and interesterified products.

1. Semi-continuous
2. Continuous
3. Batch
4. Horizontal continuous

ANSWER:  C. Batch

• Explanation – A batch-type deodorizer has a vertical cylinder-shaped vessel with dished or cone-shaped heads. Through a distributor, the stripping steam is fed into the vessel’s bottom. To heat the incoming oil, steam is circulated through the bleached oil. The flexibility of the entering oil, which allows the process parameters to be easily altered according to the incoming oil quality, is the fundamental advantage of this type of deodorization system over others. As a result, emulsified and interesterified goods are preferred.

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Q4. Which among the given oilseeds generally does not require prepressing step before solvent extraction?

1. Sunflower
2. Safflower
3. Rapeseed
4. Soybean

ANSWER:  D. Soybean

• Explanation: Oil content varies among oilseeds, with soybeans having about 20% oil by weight, rapeseed having about 40% oil, safflower having 38% oil, and sunflower having 42 percent oil. Pre-pressing is a process that is often required for higher oil products. Because of the high oil content, flaking and cooking the oilseed for solvent extraction is challenging without oil leaking out and clogging the equipment. Furthermore, the increased oil content would necessitate a higher level of optimal energy for solvent removal from miscella during extraction. As a result, before extraction, the screw press technology is employed to better prepare the high oil seeds for the extraction process.

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Q5. Which of the following process is responsible for imparting plasticity to oilseeds?

1. Decorticating
2. Milling
3. Flaking
4. Cooking

ANSWER:  D. Cooking

• Explanation – The fibrous hull of the seeds is removed during decortication. Milling is the process of grinding oilseeds so that they can be pressed to extract vegetable oils. Rolling oil seeds to a particle size of 0.13 – 0.25 mm are referred to as flaking. Heat treatment is used throughout the cooking process to help seed mass retain its plasticity. It also reduces oil refining losses by insolubilizing phosphatides and related compounds.

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